Madness in MTG: Rules, History, and Best Cards

Last updated on July 16, 2025

Anje Falkenrath | Illustration by Cynthia Sheppard

This is absolutely not a complaint; I’m a huge fan of sets on the plane of Innistrad. I love gothic horror, and I especially love the way it was handled in Midnight Hunt through artistic choices as well as card design and mechanics.

There are a lot of mechanics that fit into this gothic horror setting really well. Transforming cards to introduce werewolves into the game is peak design in my opinion.

Undying and delirium set this world as full of horrors from beyond the grave where people’s sanities are one bad day away from snapping. And there’s another mechanic that plays into the sanity of the characters. That’s madness, the ability I cover with you today.

How Does Madness Work?

Grave Scrabbler | Illustration by Livia Prima

Madness is an ability that lets you cast a card for an alternative cost as long as it’s being discarded. The moment you discard a card with madness, its ability triggers. Then the card is put into exile, where you must choose to either send it to the graveyard or pay its madness cost and cast it. The madness cost is usually different from the casting cost as well.

Some cards have a lower madness cost that incentivizes you to build your deck around having ways to discard your own cards so you can then cast them. Some examples of this are cards like Alms of the Vein or Alchemist's Greeting, which aren’t really good cards for their original costs. But playing them for their madness costs makes them way more viable.

Some other cards have a madness cost higher than their regular one with some bonus. Two examples of this are Welcome to the Fold and Avacyn's Judgment.

Even though cards with madness are discarded into exile, any card that affects discarded cards specifically like Shadow of the Grave recognizes them as being discarded if you choose to put the madness card into your graveyard instead of casting it.

A History of Madness

I love when I get to write titles that sound so absurdly edgy.

Most players associate the madness mechanic with Innistrad and its vampires. More specifically, the mechanic showed up on a lot of vampires and vampire-related cards in Shadows over Innistrad.

Its very first appearance was way back in Torment from the Odyssey block in 2002. It didn’t really make a lot of appearances, but the mechanic at least has some history in the game.

This first mechanic was represented by two cycles in the set. One of five common madness cards and another of five uncommon ones. Even if these aren’t some of the best madness cards out there, they still packed some punch. Cards like Fiery Temper and Psychotic Haze can be really useful in discard-heavy decks.

The mechanic showed up again in the Time Spiral block in 2006. Madness showed up in cards from all three sets in the block this time. One of the best cards from these sets is Grave Scrabbler, which still sees a fair amount of play in formats like Commander to this day.

With its next appearance in the Shadows over Innistrad block in 2016, the mechanic saw a big change in how it worked. Originally, when a card with madness was discarded you first had to choose whether to put it into exile or to let it go straight to the graveyard.

But that rule was changed in Shadows over Innistrad so that all cards with madness had to go into exile. There was also the clarification that even though all cards with madness are discarded into exile, it would go into the graveyard and still be considered discarded from your hand if you didn’t choose to play it.

Madness popped up again in Commander 2019’s Merciless Rage precon. The vampire commander deck is led by Anje Falkenrath, a vampire from Innistrad. This further cemented the connection between the vampires of Innistrad and the mechanic itself.

Then in Modern Horizons 2, madness showed up exclusively in red and black and made MH2 drafts work really well with…

Asmoranomardicadaistinaculdacar (nailed it!) and The Underworld Cookbook. What a mouthful. Anyone would go mad if they had to say that name over and over again.

Emrakul and the Moon

Considering Emrakul was locked up in the moon and her influence from the plane was gone, Modern Horizons 3 unlocked the Eldrazi titan and madness can once again be widespread. Naturally, Emrakul leaves destruction in its wake, so who knows if anyone will remain after it passes through the new world.

Can I Discard a Card with Madness?

No, you cannot simply discard a card with madness. You need another effect or ability to cause you to discard a card.

Is Madness Evergreen?

Madness is definitely not evergreen. The term “evergreen” refers to keywords that can be used in any set. The appearance of madness is pretty occasional and it tends to exist around a specific theme in most cases. It is used in set for specific reasons.

Does Madness Ignore Timing?

Madness makes it so that any card that has the ability can be cast anytime it’s discarded. This means that you can play any card type with madness at any time as long as you’ve discarded it first.

Is Madness at Instant or Sorcery Speed?

One of madness’ strengths is that it’s an ability that can be used at instant speed. This means that as long as you have a way to discard cards at any given time, you can cast madness sorceries, enchantments, and creatures at instant speed.

Can You Play Madness Creatures at Instant Speed?

Any card with madness can be played at instant speed. All you need is a way to discard it at instant speed from your hand, and there’s plenty of cards to help with that.

Do Madness Cards Enter the Graveyard?

Eventually madness cards enter the graveyard. The typical use puts the madness card into exile, and gets cast from there. You might also allow it to go into the graveyard and essentially get discarded as normal. Either way, after the madness card is cast and leaves the battlefield, it goes to the graveyard like a normal card.

Can You Counter Madness?

Yes, you can counter madness. Whenever a card is cast for its madness cost it’s still being cast, so it can be interacted with in any of the same ways that a card being cast in a regular way can. This includes countering them.

Does Paying Madness Still Count as Discard?

In most cases, yes madness counts as discard. If you play something like Faithless Looting, discard two cards with madness and cast them, then for the purposes of Faithless Looting you have discarded them. You don’t need to discard any other cards.

But for a card like Shadow of the Grave, if you previously discarded an instant but chose to play it with madness and only then did it go into your graveyard, it doesn’t count as discarded for the effect.

Is Madness Cast from Exile?

A card with madness gets discarded into exile. Once there you choose to either cast it or send it to the graveyard. This means that all cards with madness are cast from exile, making the mechanic really good for that Prosper, Tome-Bound deck.

Is Madness a Triggered Ability or an Activated Ability?

Madness is a triggered ability. You can only play it when the right trigger (discarding the card from your hand) happens.

What's the Mana Value of a Madness Card?

Madness is an ability that allows you to cast the card by an alternative cost, but that doesn’t change the card's actual mana value. The “original” casting cost is always the mana value.

Can You Pay Madness When a Card is Milled?

No, madness only triggers when a card is discarded from your hand. Milling refers to putting cards from the deck into the graveyard, so they’re not discarded and don’t trigger madness.

How Does Madness Work on Emrakul, the World Anew?

Madness on Emrakul, the World Anew works like other instances of madness with the option to cast for , or let Emrakul go to the graveyard. You gain control of creatures before Emrakul resolves, and the one-turn protection begins once the eldrazi resolves.

Madness Card Gallery

Torment

• Arrogant Wurm
• Basking Rootwalla
• Circular Logic
• Fiery Temper
• Frantic Purification
• Obsessive Search
• Psychotic Haze
• Strength of Isolation
• Strength of Lunacy
• Violent Eruption

Time Spiral

• Call to the Netherworld
• Dark Withering
• Gorgon Recluse
• Nightshade Assassin
• Psychotic Episode

Planar Chaos

• Big Game Hunter
• Brain Gorgers
• Muck Drubb
• Reckless Wurm

Future Sight

• Gibbering Descent
• Grave Scrabbler
• Ichor Slick

Shadows over Innistrad

• Alms of the Vein
• Asylum Visitor
• Avacyn's Judgment
• Biting Rain
• Bloodmad Vampire
• Broken Concentration
• Falkenrath Gorger
• Fiery Temper
• From Under the Floorboards
• Gisa's Bidding
• Incorrigible Youths
• Just the Wind
• Malevolent Whispers
• Murderous Compulsion
• Nagging Thoughts
• Senseless Rage
• Stensia Masquerade
• Twins of Maurer Estate
• Welcome to the Fold

Eldritch Moon

• Abandon Reason
• Alchemist's Greeting
• Bloodhall Priest
• Chilling Grasp
• Distemper of the Blood
• Insatiable Gorgers
• Stromkirk Occultist
• Voldaren Pariah
• Weirded Vampire

Commander 2019

• Anje Falkenrath
• Anje's Ravager
• Curse of Fool's Wisdom
• Archfiend of Spite

Modern Horizons 2

• Blazing Rootwalla
• Hell Mongrel
• Kitchen Imp
• Necrogoyf
• Revolutionist
• Skophos Reaver
• Terminal Agony

Commander Legends: Battle for Baldur's Gate

• Bloodboil Sorcerer

Crimson Vow: Commander

• Shadowgrange Archfiend

March of the Machine: The Aftermath

• Markov Baron

Modern Horizons 3

• Emrakul, the World Anew

Best Madness Cards

So I gave you a list of all the cards with the madness ability. But which of them are a must-have in any deck that plays the ability?

#5. Necrogoyf

Necrogoyf is a great to force players to discard and the word “all” sneaks in there to make this amazing in Commander.

#4. Asylum Visitor

Asylum Visitor doesn’t exactly shine for its madness cost since it’s the same as the casting cost. But it does shine in madness-centric decks.

Any deck with this ability as its main focus will have a fair amount of discard enablers. That means that you’re more than likely to have no cards in your hand most of the time. In that case, this card allows you to draw extra cards and keep some card advantage. Bonus points considering you’ll also gain card advantage if your opponent has no cards in their hand.

#3. Call to the Netherworld

So your Big Game Hunter came into play, you used it to kill a large creature and then block, so it’s now in the graveyard. No need to fear. Call to the Netherworld has a very limited effect since it only lets you take a black creature from your graveyard and bring it back to your hand.

But black is madness’ most prominent color and there’s plenty of black creatures that are very useful to bring back. And this card’s madness cost is zero to top it off, so you can take advantage of it on turns where you need to discard but you don’t have enough mana to pay other madness costs.

#2. Big Game Hunter

One of Magic's best assassins, Big Game Hunter is particularly good for Commander where large creatures are all over the place. For its madness cost you can cast a small 1/1 blocker, but most importantly you can also get rid of one of those big, mean creatures your opponents have on their field. No one wants to have their The Ur-Dragon taken down by a 1/1 cast by for a single .

#1. Emrakul, the World Anew

Eldrazi this big for six is absurd even if that must be six colorless mana. As you can see from Thran Dynamo and Basalt Monolith, Emrakul, the World Anew does not take much to play, and given a free discard, is absolutely mad. I find it amusing how vanilla Emrakul is after the first turn, and the leaves-the-battlefield trigger makes it a steal and sac commander that you need to plan around since you're in danger of board wiping yourself.

Best Madness Enablers

I’ve talked a lot about how you’ll need something that lets you discard cards from your hand with relative ease for most madness cards. So let’s take a quick look at some cards that do exactly that.

There’s an entire precon built around Anje Falkenrath and madness. This card’s entire existence revolves around madness and using it to your advantage. The best part about Anje is that even you still get rewarded if you’re playing the more basic madness cards like Senseless Rage that don’t have a different cost or extra effects.

When you tap Anje and rummage, you already replace your cards. In a madness-heavy deck this means you cast your card plus draw a card, and net you some sweet card advantage. But it doesn’t end there since this card’s second effect makes it so that if the card you discarded had madness, you get to untap it.

Having to pay for each discard means that mana costs will eventually start to pile up so you may not be able to play all of your madness cards with Call the Bloodline. But you still get a 1/1 vampire token with lifelink, so you get small blockers against creatures without trample. You can even build a nice token army to overwhelm your opponent and gain a ton of life in the process. There's nothing wrong with leaving Matzalantli, the Great Door closed and never transforming it. Loot away and get cards for this free discard.

Faithless Looting, Unexpected Windfall, Windfall, and many other cards let you discard in order to draw one or more. Usually for a cheap cost. Keeping these at hand in a madness deck can help you cast plenty of your cards while also drawing new ones, keeping the cycle going.

Decklist: Rakdos Madness in Pauper

Kitchen Imp | Illustration by Evyn Fong

The curve on this Rakdos Madness list is a little nutty with just 16 land and three different creatures in Kitchen Imp, Voldaren Epicure, and Sneaky Snacker. The vampire brings you a blood token which translates to an easy rummage. Sneaky Snacker slips into your graveyard as a perfect discard option, then you only need to Grab the Prize and skip out on paying any mana to put the evasive faerie in.

The efficiency of card to direct damage puts Alms of the Vein, Bump in the Night, and Lightning Bolt on the same level of effectiveness when it comes to dropping your opponent's life. You have to love the price tag on Pauper decks, these cards are easy to find for less than 50 cents each and a total card cost of about $15.

Wrap Up

Asylum Visitor | Illustration by Bastien L. Deharme

I really like madness. I think it’s a super fun mechanic that takes advantage of abilities that would usually harm you while managing to not be too broken to become unfun. Not to mention that it’s strongest in Rakdos which is one of my favorite combinations of colors.

But what do you think? Have you played against madness decks? Do you have madness decks of your own? Do you think they’re fun or do you hate them? Feel free to comment on this in the comments! And don’t forget to check out our blog and follow us on Twitter for more articles like this one.

That’s all from me for now. Have a nice week, and I’ll see you in the next one!

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